The 16th Annual Latin American Symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 72nd Annual Meeting in Detroit, MI, in February 2006. The principal objective, as for the previous 15 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 34 presentations that were given orally in Spanish and 12 posters presented by participants from 6 countries in Latin America, Puerto Rico and the United States. The symposium addressed results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies on insecticide resistance; findings from population genetics, molecular, taxonomic, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus), West Nile virus (Culex quinquefasciatus), malaria (Anopheles albimanus, An. darlingi, and An. marajoara), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia), Chagas' disease (Triatoma); and Amblyomma.